Ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The United States supported West Germany and did not recognize the legitimacy of East Germany until 1974. The Soviets oversaw the creation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) from their occupational zone on October 7, 1949. The leaders of the American, British, and French zones of occupation in Germany oversaw the creation of the German Federal Republic (FRG, or West Germany) on September 21, 1949. Communists in Czechoslovakia supported by the Soviet Army overthrew the democratic government and replaced President Edvard Benes with the leader of the local Communist Party, Klement Gottwald. The announcement of the Truman Doctrine promising American economic and military support to countries “threatened by communism” led to turmoil in the Eastern bloc. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin pressured Eastern European countries to refuse the aid in order to limit “American imperialism” and economic dominance in Europe. Marshall introduced a plan to provide American financial aid to Europe for rebuilding after World War II, and the money was intended to be used to buy American goods. US President Harry Truman believed that dropping the atomic bomb would end World War II quickly and give the United States an advantage over the Soviet Union in the postwar era. Thousands more Japanese citizens died from radiation from the blasts.
Another bomb was dropped on August 9 on the city of Nagasaki, killing 20,000 people. The United States dropped the first atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945, killing 70,000 people. The Yalta Conference set the stage for economic, ideological, and political tensions between East and West. The leaders of each country met in the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Europe and decided to divide Germany and its capital city of Berlin into four zones of occupation under the American, British, French, and Soviet militaries.
The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union were the three major allies in World War II against Nazi Germany.
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